Page 6 - Risk Management for Outdoor Programs

CONTENTS Part I: Getting Started .............1 Chapter 6. Activities and Program Areas..........................39 Introduction........................................................................39 Activity and Program Area Selection.........................39 Initial Risk Assessment ....................................................40 New Element Readiness Assessments ......................42 Authorization .....................................................................43 Conducting Activities......................................................43 Policies and Procedures..................................................45 Post-Activity Review ........................................................47 Chapter Summary ............................................................48 Chapter 7. Staff ..........................................................................49 Introduction........................................................................49 The Human Resources Management Process ........49 Risk and the Developing Brain.....................................51 Positions ...............................................................................60 Sources of Additional Information .............................60 Systems Issues....................................................................60 Human Factors in Accident Causation......................61 Chapter Summary ............................................................64 Chapter 8. Equipment .............................................................65 Introduction........................................................................65 Selection ..............................................................................65 Purchasing...........................................................................68 Use ...................................................................................68 Maintenance.......................................................................71 Repair ...................................................................................72 Inspection............................................................................73 Availability, Location and Storage ..............................76 Retirement...........................................................................78 Recalls ...................................................................................78 Inventory Control..............................................................79 Record-Keeping.................................................................79 Staff Considerations.........................................................79 Participant Considerations............................................84 Third-Party Equipment ...................................................86 Administrative and Managerial Contexts ................87 Chapter Summary ............................................................88 Chapter 1. Management System...........................................5 Continuous Improvement ............................................... 9 Categorizing Risk Management Techniques ..........10 An Alternative Model ......................................................10 Requirements .....................................................................10 Getting Help .......................................................................11 Case Study: Tick-borne Encephalitis in China.........12 Chapter Summary ............................................................13 Chapter 3. Standards ...............................................................14 Introduction........................................................................14 Outdoor Program Standards ........................................14 Using Standards ................................................................18 Limitations ..........................................................................18 Conclusion...........................................................................19 Chapter Summary ............................................................20 Chapter 4. Legal Considerations ........................................21 Introduction........................................................................21 Laws Pertaining to Outdoor Programs .....................22 Limitations ..........................................................................24 Evidence of Compliance.................................................24 Staying Current with Legal Changes .........................24 Conclusion...........................................................................24 Chapter Summary ............................................................25 Part II: Risk Domains..............27 Chapter 5. Culture.....................................................................28 Introduction........................................................................29 Changing Culture .............................................................30 Surveys .................................................................................34 Just Culture .........................................................................35 Sources of Additional Support.....................................36 Characteristics of Safety Culture .................................37 Introduction ............................................................ 2 An Approach to Risk Management................. 4 Introduction.......................................................................... 4 Building and Implementing a Risk Chapter 2. Summary.............................................................................38 v